Each of the incident electrons can produce several secondary electrons. The electron separated from the atom that leaves the atom with very little energy (about 5 electron volts) is called a secondary electron. As a result of this energy transfer, the incident electron loses some of its energy and changes direction, and the specimen atom loses its electron and ionizes. Their path is so close to the specimen atoms that some of their energy is transferred to the electrons of the atom. A number of other electrons pass close to the atoms. These electrons are called backscattered electrons. Some of the electrons collide with the specimen atoms and return in the opposite direction by changing their direction 180 degrees. Different reactions may occur when a high-energy electron beam strikes a specimen.
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